The fundamental components driving the efficacy of ophthalmic nutritional supplements in China are highly specific bioactive compounds designed to mitigate oxidative stress and enhance visual function. Central to this formulation strategy are the xanthophyll carotenoids, Lutein and Zeaxanthin. These molecules are preferentially accumulated in the retina's macula, where they form the macular pigment. Their primary biochemical mechanism involves filtering high-energy blue light—a significant stressor from digital devices—before it reaches the underlying photoreceptors, thus preventing photochemical damage. They also function as powerful antioxidants to neutralize free radicals within the lipid-rich membranes of the photoreceptor cells, a critical defense against age-related degeneration.

Equally significant are the Omega-3 Fatty Acids, specifically Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA). DHA is an essential structural component of retinal cell membranes, contributing to their fluidity and signal transmission integrity. Its function is crucial for maintaining the health of the retina and is also noted for its anti-inflammatory properties across the ocular surface, which is particularly vital for managing symptoms associated with Dry Eye Syndrome. Other critical co-factors include Alpha-Lipoic Acid and Coenzyme Q10, which support cellular energy production and provide broad-spectrum antioxidant protection, respectively. These mechanisms are the scientific foundation for the products available in the country's specialized health sector, as detailed in reports like the China Eye Health Supplements Market Analysis.